LEAD ARTICLE: “Who Supports the Adults in Schools?” NAPCE’s Dr Nicole Cara reflects on this big issue
“Who Supports the Adults in Schools?” By NAPCE NEC Member Dr Nicole Cara
Schools are full of spaces designed to support children. We have nurture groups, ELSA (Emotional Literacy Support Assistant) interventions, mentoring, counselling, pastoral support, emotional check-ins and trusted adults. We recognise that children need opportunities to talk, reflect, process and make sense of their experiences.
Yet schools are also full of adults carrying significant emotional responsibility.
A Head of Year supporting a distressed young person before first lesson. A SENCo navigating increasingly complex needs with finite resources.
A Designated Safeguarding Lead holding difficult disclosures. A teacher trying to support a child experiencing anxiety whilst also teaching thirty other children.
A Headteacher balancing the needs of children, staff and families whilst making countless decisions throughout the day.
Much of this work is invisible. It happens in corridor conversations, after difficult meetings, in the pause before a phone call home, or in the quiet moments when we wonder whether we said the right thing, made the right decision, or did enough to help.
Working with children is emotional work. Whether we are teaching, leading, safeguarding, supporting SEND, or working pastorally, we are constantly responding to the emotions, experiences and needs of others.
Yet adults are often expected to move from one emotionally demanding interaction to the next with very little opportunity to pause, process or think.
This raises an important question:
Who holds the adults?
Where do staff in your setting currently go when they need space to think?
One possible answer is supervision.
For some readers, the term supervision may feel unfamiliar, clinical or even anxiety-provoking. It is sometimes misunderstood as being about monitoring staff performance, checking up on staff, or “fixing” difficulties.
The word itself can almost feel like a red herring. In reality, psychologically informed supervision is something very different.
At its heart, supervision is a protected reflective space – somewhere staff can slow down, think, process, explore and make sense of the emotionally demanding work they do every day.
Increasingly, schools are working with Educational Psychologists to create reflective spaces for staff. Whilst this may look different across contexts, the aim is often the same: to create opportunities for adults to slow down, think together and make sense of emotionally demanding work.
Why do school staff need spaces to think?
Pastoral work is emotional work. Working with children is emotional work.
Adults in schools routinely absorb and respond to children’s distress, frustration, anxiety, anger and uncertainty. This may include:
- hearing safeguarding disclosures.
- supporting distressed children.
- managing emotionally charged behaviour.
- navigating difficult conversations.
- supporting children experiencing trauma or anxiety.
- and holding responsibility for increasingly complex needs.
- managing the high level of decision-making, plate juggling, competing demands and emotional complexity of school life.
Over time, without opportunities to process these experiences, staff can become emotionally overloaded. This can impact wellbeing, confidence, relationships and the capacity to remain reflective and curious within challenging situations.
Wilfred Bion’s (1962) concept of containment is helpful here. Containment refers to the process by which one person helps another make sense of difficult thoughts, feelings or experiences, so that they feel safer, more manageable and easier to understand.
In schools, we often think about adults containing (holding) children’s emotions — but adults also need spaces where their own thoughts and feelings can be held, understood and processed. We often do this naturally with children without even realising it.
For example, a distressed child may come into school angry, overwhelmed or tearful after a difficult morning. A calm adult helps “hold” that emotion by staying steady, listening, naming feelings and helping the child feel safer and more understood: “I can see things feel really hard right now. Let’s slow things down together”.
Rather than immediately trying to solve the problem, the adult first helps the child feel understood and emotionally safer. Over time, this helps children regulate because the adult is temporarily helping them manage emotions that feel too big to manage alone. Supervision offers adults a similar reflective and emotionally containing space.
Reflective supervision can provide this containing function. Rather than carrying difficult experiences alone, staff have opportunities to think together with others in psychologically safe ways.
This matters because when adults feel calmer, more supported and more able to think, children often experience adults as more emotionally available, predictable and attuned.
What is supervision?
While supervision has long existed within professions such as social work, clinical psychology and psychotherapy, schools are increasingly recognising the value of reflective spaces for staff wellbeing, professional thinking and sustainable pastoral support (Jackson, 2020).
Supervision is not line management, appraisal or performance monitoring. It is not about judging whether someone is “doing a good job”, nor is it therapy. Instead, supervision is a collaborative, psychologically informed space for slowing down, reflection and thoughtful professional thinking. It may involve:
- exploring challenging situations.
- reflecting on emotional responses.
- noticing patterns within systems or relationships.
- developing psychologically informed understanding.
- problem-solving together.
- identifying strengths and next steps.
- helping staff feel less isolated or overwhelmed in emotionally demanding work.
Sometimes, supervision focuses on individual children or situations.
Sometimes it explores wider themes emerging across a school or team. Often, it helps staff reconnect with their own professional values, confidence and capacity to think clearly under pressure.
As Emil Jackson and colleagues have highlighted through their work on reflective supervision, psychologically safe practice and emotionally containing spaces within education (Jackson, 2020), supervision is not about having all the answers. Instead, it creates a space where uncertainty can be explored safely and thoughtfully, rather than reacted to quickly or defensively.
Common misconceptions about supervision
One of the barriers to supervision in schools is misunderstanding what it actually involves. Below are some common misconceptions:
- “Supervision is only for staff who are struggling” – Supervision is most effective when viewed as a normal and valued part of reflective professional practice, not something reserved for crisis situations. Even highly experienced staff benefit from protected opportunities to slow down and think.
- “Supervision is therapy”- Although supervision may involve discussion of emotions, it is not counselling or therapy. The focus remains connected to professional practice, reflection and support within work contexts.
- “Supervision is about being checked up on”- Supervision is not punitive or judgemental. It should feel collaborative, psychologically safe and supportive, rather than evaluative.
- “We don’t have time” Or “it’s taking my EP time from the children” – Ironically, people in schools often feel they are too busy for supervision precisely because the work is emotionally demanding. However, creating reflective spaces may help prevent burnout, reactive decision-making and staff isolation in the longer term.
While it may initially feel difficult to allocate EP time toward staff supervision rather than direct child work, psychologically informed support for adults often has a ripple effect across whole systems.
Supporting the adults around children can strengthen the quality, consistency and sustainability of support experienced by many children across the school day, not just one individual child at a time.
- “Supervision is just talking” – Well, yes. So is teaching. In fact, much of what we do in schools relies on thoughtful conversation and relationships. Thoughtful conversation is powerful. Supervision can help staff develop insight, notice patterns, feel emotionally supported and identify practical ways forward. Sometimes the most important outcome is helping someone feel less alone with a difficult situation.
What might supervision look like in schools?
Supervision can take many forms depending on the needs of the school. Supervisees are encouraged to ‘bring’ anything that’s on their mind to supervision. This might include:
- a child whose behaviour feels increasingly difficult to understand,
- uncertainty around how best to support a young person experiencing anxiety or emotionally based school avoidance,
- tensions within staff or parent relationships,
- feelings of “dreading” interactions with particular pupils or situations,
- worries about safeguarding decisions,
- patterns emerging across a class or year group,
- feeling emotionally overwhelmed by the level of need,
- challenges balancing support and boundaries,
- or reflecting on how school systems and routines may be contributing to difficulties.
Sometimes staff bring practical dilemmas. Sometimes they bring emotional responses. Often, supervision helps make links between the two. Supervision sessions are often characterised by curiosity, reflection and psychological thinking, rather than simply “problem solving”.
Helpful questions might include:
- What ideas have we got to make sense of this?
- What feelings might this situation evoke in adults?
- What patterns are emerging across the system?
- What might the child need from adults right now?
- What support do staff themselves need?
Importantly, supervision is not about “getting it perfect”. It is about creating opportunities to pause and think before reacting.
Types of supervision
- Individual supervision: This may involve regular meetings between a member of staff and an EP to reflect on complex situations, emotionally demanding work or professional dilemmas.
- Group supervision: Small groups of staff reflect together on themes, situations or experiences within a facilitated space. This can reduce isolation and promote shared thinking.
- Team or systemic supervision: Whole teams (e.g., pastoral teams, safeguarding teams or inclusion teams) reflect together on patterns, pressures and relational dynamics across systems.
Who might benefit from supervision?
Many staff working within pastoral and emotionally demanding roles may benefit from supervision, including:
- Headteachers and senior leaders.
- Designated Safeguarding Leads (DSLs).
- SENCos and SEND staff including TAs, LSAs and ELSAs.
- Heads of Year and pastoral teams.
However, supervision is not only relevant for specialist roles. Increasingly, schools are recognising that all staff working relationally with children may benefit from reflective spaces.
Why Educational Psychologists?
Educational Psychologists are uniquely positioned to facilitate supervision within schools because of their training in:
- Child development.
- Psychology.
- Systems thinking.
- Consultation.
- Relational practice.
- Behaviour.
- Emotional wellbeing.
- Organisational dynamics.
EPs are trained not simply to provide “answers”, but to help others think psychologically about children, relationships and systems. This makes supervision a natural extension of preventative and capacity-building EP practice.
Increasingly, schools are developing ongoing supervision models with their linked EP services, recognising the value of psychologically informed reflective spaces for both staff wellbeing and children’s outcomes.
Reflection prompts – what happens in your school?
- Where do staff in your setting currently go when they need space to think?
- Which roles within your school carry the greatest emotional load?
- What opportunities exist for reflective conversations, rather than purely operational ones?
- How might staff wellbeing and children’s wellbeing be interconnected within your setting?
- If children need emotionally available adults, what do adults need in order to remain emotionally available?
Final Thoughts
Schools are built on relationships. Children’s experiences of school are shaped not only by policies, interventions and curriculum, but by everyday interactions with the adults around them.
However, adults’ capacity to remain calm, thoughtful and emotionally available is influenced by whether they themselves feel supported, contained and able to think.
Supervision is not an “extra” or luxury. Increasingly, it may represent an important part of sustainable pastoral systems within schools, creating protected spaces where adults can pause, reflect and make sense of emotionally demanding work together.
If we want children to experience calm, thoughtful and emotionally available adults, we also need to think about what helps adults remain calm, thoughtful and emotionally available.
Perhaps one of the most important questions schools can ask is not simply:
“How do we support children?” but also: “Who holds the adults?”
References
- Bion, W. R. (1962). Learning from experience. Heinemann.
- Gutman, L. M., & Vorhaus, J. (2012). The impact of pupil behaviour and wellbeing on educational outcomes. Department for Education.
- Jackson, E. (2020). Reflective supervision in education: Creating psychologically safe spaces for staff thinking and wellbeing. Debate, 179, 22–25.
- Lemov, D. (2021). Teach like a champion 3.0: 63 techniques that put students on the path to college. Jossey-Bass.
- Miller, A., & Berger, E. (2023). Supporting students in distress: From reactive to reflective practice. Educational & Child Psychology, 40(3), 25–38.
- Osterman, K. F. (2000). Students’ need for belonging in the school community. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 323–367.
Dr Nicole Cara
NEC Member, NAPCE
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